Obesity

Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease in which excessive accumulation of body fat harms health. WHO classifies obesity as a disease, and it is defined as a BMI of 30 or above. Obesity is divided into three classes: class I (BMI 30-34.9), class II (BMI 35-39.9), and class III or morbid obesity (BMI 40+). Approximately 25% of adults are obese.

Obesity significantly increases the risk of numerous diseases: type 2 diabetes (7-fold risk), cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, certain cancers (breast, colorectal, uterine), musculoskeletal problems, depression, and infertility. Obesity also shortens life expectancy by an average of 5-10 years depending on the class.

Obesity is not solely the result of individual choices. Contributing factors include genetics (heritability 40-70%), environment (food availability, reduced daily movement), psychological factors (stress, emotional eating, trauma), hormonal factors, and socioeconomic status. This is important to understand so that obesity is approached without guilt or shame.

Treating obesity requires a comprehensive and long-term approach: nutritional changes, exercise, behavioral therapy, and when necessary, medical (e.g., GLP-1 agonists) or surgical treatment (bariatric surgery). Even 5-10% weight loss produces significant health benefits, even if normal weight isn't achieved. Most importantly, permanent lifestyle changes - not temporary diets - are key. Obesity is related to overweight, BMI, and metabolic syndrome concepts.

Last updated: March 30, 2026